Applying to German Universities

Top Tips For Applying to German Universities: A Comprehensive Guide For International Students

Germany is renowned for its high-quality education system and its wide array of universities, both public and private. For students looking to study in Germany, whether from within the European Union (EU) or abroad, the process of applying to universities can seem daunting at first. However, with the right information, applying can be straightforward.

This guide will cover how to apply for a university in Germany, explain the differences between private and public universities, outline the costs, and explain the necessary steps to obtain a student visa.

Understanding the German University System

Germany’s university system is well-respected worldwide for its emphasis on academic rigor and research. The higher education landscape in Germany consists of three main types of institutions:

1. Universities (Universitäten): These are the most traditional and well-known universities in Germany. They focus on a broad range of academic subjects, particularly in research, and offer a variety of undergraduate and postgraduate programs.
2. Universities of Applied Sciences (Fachhochschulen): These institutions are more practice-oriented and focus on specific fields such as engineering, business, or design. The programs at Fachhochschulen are typically shorter and more focused on preparing students for careers in specific industries.
3. Private Universities (Private Hochschulen): These are not state-funded institutions but operate with private investments. They usually offer more specialized courses, and their tuition fees are often higher than those at public universities.

Students looking to apply for higher education in Germany need to choose an institution that aligns with their academic and career goals, as well as their financial situation. This decision will also affect the admission process and the cost of tuition.

How to Apply to a University in Germany

The application process for universities in Germany can vary slightly depending on the institution, but there are several common steps that all prospective students need to follow.

1. Check Eligibility Requirements

Before applying to a university, students should ensure they meet the basic eligibility requirements. These include:

• Educational Qualifications: Students need to have completed secondary education equivalent to the German Abitur (the German school-leaving qualification). For international students, this means checking if their secondary school diploma is recognized in Germany. The German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD) provides a list of recognized foreign secondary education qualifications.
• Language Proficiency: Most programs in Germany are taught in German, but there are also many programs offered in English. If the program is in German, students must demonstrate proficiency in the German language through exams like TestDaF or DSH. For English-language programs, students need to provide proof of English proficiency, often through tests like TOEFL or IELTS.

2. Select a Program and University

Germany offers a wide variety of academic programs. Students should choose a program that aligns with their academic interests and career goals. It is important to research different universities and their programs carefully to make an informed decision.

Students can search for programs using online portals such as:

• UniAssist: A service that handles applications for most public universities in Germany.
• DAAD: The German Academic Exchange Service provides a comprehensive database of programs in English and German at universities across the country.
• Individual University Websites: Many universities also allow students to apply directly through their website.

3. Prepare Documents

The documents required for applying to a German university may vary by program, but typically include:

• Proof of Secondary Education: Transcripts and certificates from previous education.
• Language Proficiency Certificates: Proof of proficiency in German or English, depending on the language of the program.
• Motivation Letter: A personal statement outlining why the student wants to study the chosen program and why they want to study in Germany.
• Curriculum Vitae (CV): A resume detailing the student’s academic and extracurricular activities.
• Letters of Recommendation: Some universities may require letters of recommendation from previous professors or employers.
• Passport Copy: A copy of the student’s passport or ID card.

4. Submit Application

The next step is submitting the application. As mentioned, the application process differs between universities. Public universities usually require students to submit their applications through UniAssist. Private universities often have their own application platforms. Be mindful of application deadlines, as they vary depending on the semester and the program.

• Winter Semester: Application deadlines usually fall between May 15 and July 15.
• Summer Semester: Application deadlines typically fall between December 1 and January 15.

5. Wait for Admission Decision

After submitting the application, students must wait for the university to review their application. If accepted, they will receive an offer, which may include conditions (e.g., final exams or language proficiency requirements). Once all conditions are met, students can accept the offer.

Public vs. Private Universities in Germany

1. Public Universities

• Tuition Fees: Public universities in Germany are known for having very low or even no tuition fees for both domestic and international students. However, students must pay a semester contribution, which typically covers administrative costs, student services, and public transport tickets. This fee is usually between €250 and €350 per semester.
• Reputation and Quality: Public universities are generally more prestigious and have a long-established reputation. Many of Germany’s top universities, such as Ludwig Maximilian University Munich (LMU), Heidelberg University, and the University of Berlin, are public.
• Programs and Research: Public universities focus heavily on research and offer a wide range of academic programs. They are often considered the best option for students interested in pursuing a career in academia or research.

2. Private Universities

• Tuition Fees: Private universities in Germany charge higher tuition fees compared to public universities, with fees typically ranging from €5,000 to €20,000 per year. The cost can vary significantly depending on the university and program.
• Reputation: Private universities tend to have a smaller, more specialized student body, and their programs often focus on practical skills in fields such as business, design, and engineering. Although they may not have the same academic prestige as public universities, they often have strong connections to industries and offer personalized attention.
• Programs: Private universities often offer unique or niche programs, including international programs in English. They also tend to have more modern facilities and may offer smaller class sizes.

The Costs of Studying in Germany

Studying in Germany is considered affordable compared to other Western countries. However, the costs can still add up. Here’s a breakdown of the costs students can expect.

1. Tuition Fees

• Public Universities: Most public universities do not charge tuition fees for undergraduate students, though they require students to pay a semester fee. The fees typically range between €250 and €350 per semester, which covers administrative costs and public transport.
• Private Universities: As mentioned earlier, private universities charge tuition fees ranging from €5,000 to €20,000 annually, depending on the program.

2. Living Costs As a Student in Germany

The cost of living in Germany varies by location. Cities like Munich and Hamburg tend to be more expensive, while cities in eastern Germany, such as Leipzig, are generally cheaper. On average, students can expect to spend:

• Rent: €400 to €900 per month for shared accommodation.
• Food: €250 to €350 per month for groceries and eating out.
• Transportation: €70 to €100 per month for public transport, though students often get discounts or free passes depending on the university.
• Health Insurance: International students are required to have health insurance, which can cost between €100 and €120 per month.
• Miscellaneous: Students should budget around €100 to €200 per month for personal expenses, including books, entertainment, and other activities.

In total, students can expect to need between €1100 and €1,400 per month to cover living expenses.

How to Get a Visa to Study in Germany

Non-EU international students need a student visa to study in Germany. The process is straightforward, but it requires careful preparation.

1. Apply for a Visa

Once accepted to a university, students must apply for a student visa at the nearest German embassy or consulate in their home country. The required documents usually include:

• Proof of University Admission: The official acceptance letter from the university.
• Proof of Financial Stability: Students must prove that they can support themselves financially while studying in Germany. This is usually done by providing proof of funds, such as a blocked bank account (Sperrkonto) with at least €11,208 (this amount is updated annually).
• Health Insurance: Proof of health insurance coverage for the duration of their stay in Germany.
• Passport: A valid passport that is not about to expire.

2. Visa Interview and Processing

Once the visa application is submitted, students may be required to attend an interview at the consulate. Visa processing can take several weeks, so it is important to apply early.

3. Residence Permit

After arriving in Germany, students must register with the local authorities and apply for a residence permit for the duration of their studies. This is typically done at the local Ausländerbehörde (foreigners’ office).

What is a Blocked Account (Sperrkonto)?

A blocked account (Sperrkonto) is a special type of bank account required for non-EU international students applying for a student visa to Germany. It serves as proof that you have enough financial resources to support yourself while studying in Germany. The funds in the account are “blocked,” meaning you can only withdraw a limited amount per month, ensuring that your living expenses are covered during your stay.

Who Needs a Blocked Account?

Non-EU students who wish to study in Germany need to demonstrate they have enough financial support to cover their living expenses. As part of the visa application process, German authorities require proof of financial means, and the blocked account serves as this proof. You will need a blocked account if:

• You are a non-EU student planning to study in Germany.
• You do not have a scholarship that covers your living expenses.
• You are applying for a student visa or residence permit.

How to Open a Blocked Account

Opening a blocked account is a straightforward process, but you need to follow the specific steps to ensure it’s done correctly:

1. Choose a Bank: Many banks in Germany and online platforms offer blocked accounts. Some popular options include Deutsche Bank, Fintiba, and Expatrio. It’s essential to select a bank or service that is recognized by the German authorities.
2. Deposit the Required Amount: The current required amount is €11,208 (this amount may change annually), which covers your living expenses for one year. This deposit is made in full when you open the account, and you can only access a set amount each month (typically €934/month).
3. Complete the Application Process: You’ll need to submit the following documents when opening a blocked account:
   • A valid passport or ID.
   • Proof of university admission.
   • A residence address in Germany.
   • Proof of sufficient funds (if applicable).
4. Wait for Approval: After the bank processes your application and receives your deposit, they will issue confirmation that the account is open. This confirmation is required when applying for your student visa.
5. Access the Funds: Once your account is open and you have the necessary confirmation, you can use it to apply for your student visa. Once you arrive in Germany, the blocked account will allow you to withdraw a fixed amount each month to cover living costs.

How Much Money Should Be in a Blocked Account?

The current minimum required amount is €11,208 for the year. This amount is determined by the German government to ensure that students can live comfortably without financial hardship. The exact amount may change from year to year, so it’s essential to check the latest requirements before applying.