Christmas in Germany: A Guide to Traditions, Markets, and Festive Celebrations
Christmas in Germany is a time filled with rich traditions, sparkling markets, and festive celebrations that captivate locals and visitors alike. The season kicks off in late November and continues through to the New Year, with every town and village transformed into a winter wonderland. Known for its deep-rooted customs, beautifully adorned Christmas trees, and world-renowned Christmas markets, Germany offers a magical experience during the holiday season. In this guide, we’ll explore the customs, the best Christmas markets, traditional German Christmas foods, and much more.
Whether you’re planning to visit Germany during the holiday season or are simply curious about how the country celebrates Christmas, this guide will provide you with a complete look into Christmas traditions in Germany.
Christmas Traditions in Germany: A Deep-Rooted Heritage
Christmas traditions in Germany are rich in history, with many customs that have influenced holiday celebrations worldwide. Here are some of the most important and unique traditions that define Christmas in Germany:
Advent: The Start of the Christmas Season
The official start of the Christmas season in Germany is marked by Advent, which begins four Sundays before Christmas Eve. During Advent, families often set up Advent wreaths (Adventskranz) with four candles, lighting one each Sunday leading up to Christmas Day.
In addition to the wreaths, Advent calendars (Adventskalender) are a beloved part of the Christmas season, particularly for children. These calendars typically have 24 small doors, one for each day of December leading up to Christmas. Behind each door is a small treat or gift, adding to the anticipation of the holiday.
St. Nicholas Day: A Special Day for Children
One of the most anticipated days during the Christmas season in Germany is St. Nicholas Day (Nikolaustag), celebrated on December 6th. Children polish their shoes and leave them outside the door the night before in the hopes that St. Nicholas will fill them with treats and small gifts. St. Nicholas is often accompanied by his companion Knecht Ruprecht, a figure responsible for punishing naughty children.
This tradition is separate from Christmas Eve, and it provides an additional layer of excitement for children in the lead-up to Christmas.
Christmas Eve (Heiligabend): A Quiet Celebration
Christmas Eve in Germany is the main day of celebration, rather than Christmas Day. Families gather for a quiet evening, exchange gifts, and enjoy a festive meal. In Germany, the tradition of gift-giving (Bescherung) takes place on Christmas Eve, and many families attend midnight Mass afterward.
In the evening, children are told that Christkind (the Christ Child) brings the presents, rather than Santa Claus. The tradition of the Christkind dates back to the Protestant Reformation and remains a significant part of the German Christmas experience.
The Christmas Tree (Weihnachtsbaum): A German Gift to the World
The Christmas tree tradition, which is now celebrated around the world, has its origins in Germany. German families typically decorate their Weihnachtsbaum on Christmas Eve, using a variety of ornaments, lights, and sometimes even real candles. The tree is often adorned with handmade decorations, tinsel, and straw stars.
Many families also place a star or angel at the top of the tree, symbolizing the Star of Bethlehem. The tradition of decorating Christmas trees spread from Germany to other parts of Europe and later to the United States.
Famous Christmas Markets in Germany: A Festive Wonderland
One of the most iconic aspects of Christmas in Germany is its famous Christmas markets (Weihnachtsmärkte). These markets, often set in picturesque town squares, draw millions of visitors each year. The markets feature stalls selling traditional crafts, holiday foods, and seasonal drinks, all set against a backdrop of twinkling lights and festive music.
Top 5 Christmas Markets in Germany
- Nuremberg Christkindlesmarkt (Nürnberger Christkindlesmarkt)
Nuremberg’s Christmas market is one of the oldest and most famous in the world. The market features over 180 wooden stalls selling everything from handmade ornaments to traditional Lebkuchen (gingerbread). The highlight of this market is the appearance of the Christkind, who delivers a special opening speech to mark the start of the festivities. - Dresden Striezelmarkt
Dating back to 1434, the Striezelmarkt in Dresden is Germany’s oldest Christmas market. Famous for its Stollen, a traditional Christmas cake, the market also showcases local handicrafts, including wooden toys and nutcrackers from the nearby Erzgebirge region. - Cologne Christmas Market (Kölner Weihnachtsmarkt)
Set against the stunning backdrop of the Cologne Cathedral, the Cologne Christmas Market is one of the most visited in Germany. It features over 150 stalls and a large ice-skating rink, making it a fun destination for families. The market also offers a range of traditional foods, including Bratwurst and Glühwein. - Stuttgart Christmas Market (Stuttgarter Weihnachtsmarkt)
Known for its beautifully decorated stalls, the Stuttgart Christmas Market is one of the most picturesque in Germany. Visitors can enjoy local specialties such as Schupfnudeln (potato noodles) and browse through a wide selection of handcrafted gifts. - Munich Christmas Market (Münchner Christkindlmarkt)
Munich’s Christmas market, located in Marienplatz, is one of the largest in Germany. It offers a festive atmosphere with traditional Bavarian foods, crafts, and performances. One of the market’s highlights is the Krampus Run, where performers dressed as the fearsome companion of St. Nicholas parade through the streets.
Traditional German Christmas Foods: A Culinary Delight
Christmas in Germany is also a time for enjoying delicious, festive foods. German Christmas cuisine is rich, hearty, and filled with flavors that evoke the warmth and comfort of the holiday season.
Stollen: The Classic German Christmas Cake
One of the most famous German Christmas foods is Stollen, a dense, fruit-filled cake dusted with powdered sugar. Dresden Stollen is perhaps the most well-known variety, and it has been made in the city of Dresden for over 600 years. It contains dried fruits, nuts, spices, and sometimes marzipan, making it a festive treat enjoyed throughout Germany.
Lebkuchen: German Gingerbread
Lebkuchen is a type of soft, spiced gingerbread that originated in the city of Nuremberg. These cookies are often sold in heart shapes and decorated with icing. They are a popular snack at Christmas markets, as well as a traditional gift.
Weihnachtsgans: Christmas Goose
For many German families, the centerpiece of the Christmas Eve dinner is a roasted goose, known as Weihnachtsgans. The goose is typically stuffed with apples, onions, and herbs, and served with side dishes such as red cabbage, potato dumplings, and gravy.
Glühwein: Mulled Wine
No German Christmas market would be complete without Glühwein, a hot, spiced wine that warms visitors as they browse the stalls. Glühwein is made by heating red wine with spices such as cinnamon, cloves, and oranges. In some regions, it is also served with a shot of rum or brandy, known as Feuerzangenbowle.
Other Popular Christmas Foods
- Marzipan: Sweet almond paste shaped into various festive figures, popular during the holiday season.
- Spekulatius: Spiced shortbread cookies, often shaped into holiday motifs like Santa Claus or Christmas trees.
- Dominosteine: A layered confection made with gingerbread, jelly, and marzipan, coated in dark chocolate.
Christmas Decorations in Germany: Lights and Ornaments
Christmas decorations in Germany are a key part of the festive atmosphere. Many towns and cities are adorned with twinkling lights, Christmas trees, and festive displays throughout December. Here are some of the most iconic decorations you’ll find during Christmas in Germany:
Christmas Pyramids (Weihnachtspyramiden)
Weihnachtspyramiden are wooden pyramids with rotating tiers, often depicting nativity scenes or other Christmas figures. Originating from the Erzgebirge region, these pyramids are powered by candles, which cause the tiers to spin through the rising heat. They are a popular decoration in German homes and at Christmas markets.
Nutcrackers (Nussknacker)
Nutcrackers are one of the most recognizable symbols of Christmas in Germany. Traditionally made of wood and painted in bright colors, nutcrackers were originally used to crack nuts but have since become decorative items. They are especially popular in the Erzgebirge region, where they are handcrafted and sold at Christmas markets.
Christmas Stars (Weihnachtssterne)
The Weihnachtsstern, or Christmas star, is another iconic decoration in German homes during the holiday season. These stars, often made of paper or fabric, are hung in windows and illuminated to represent the Star of Bethlehem. The Herrnhut Star is one of the most famous varieties, originating from the town of Herrnhut in Saxony.
Best Cities to Visit During Christmas in Germany: A Festive Wonderland
Germany is world-famous for its enchanting Christmas atmosphere, and visiting during the holiday season is an experience like no other. While almost every town and city gets into the Christmas spirit, some places offer truly magical experiences that blend centuries-old traditions, spectacular decorations, and bustling Christmas markets. From medieval towns to vibrant cities, each destination has its own unique take on the holiday season, making it a must-visit for anyone wanting to experience the best of Christmas in Germany.
If you’re planning a trip to Germany during the Christmas season, here are the best cities to visit, with information about Christmas highlights and the approximate cost of staying for a couple of days, so you can plan your holiday getaway.
1. Nuremberg (Nürnberg): Home of the Christkindlesmarkt
One of the most famous Christmas markets in Germany is the Nuremberg Christkindlesmarkt. Dating back to the 16th century, this iconic market is known for its traditional wooden stalls, mulled wine, and delicious Lebkuchen(gingerbread). Every year, the market opens with the Christkind, a symbolic figure who delivers a special prologue to officially kick off the Christmas season. Nuremberg’s Old Town provides the perfect backdrop for this festive event, with its medieval architecture and twinkling lights.
- Christmas Highlight: The opening ceremony with the Christkind, traditional stalls selling handmade gifts, and the iconic Nuremberg Bratwurst.
- Cost for Staying 2-3 Days:
Accommodation costs range from €100 to €150 per night for mid-range hotels in the city center. Budget options, such as hostels, may cost around €50 to €80 per night. A meal at a Christmas market or local restaurant will cost around €10-€15, and festive treats like Glühwein and Lebkuchen are typically €3-5.
Extra Tip: Don’t miss the Nuremberg Toy Museum, which adds a nostalgic touch to the Christmas season.
2. Dresden: Famous for the Striezelmarkt and Stollen Cake
Dresden is home to one of Germany’s oldest Christmas markets, the Striezelmarkt, which dates back to 1434. Named after the Stollen cake (originally called “Striezel”), this market is famous for its stunning Christmas pyramid, giant nutcrackers, and delicious festive foods. Dresden’s market is steeped in tradition, with artisans selling handcrafted wooden ornaments, toys, and decorations. The market’s festive lights, combined with the city’s Baroque architecture, create a breathtaking scene.
- Christmas Highlight: The Stollenfest, which celebrates the city’s famous Christmas bread, and the beautifully decorated Christmas pyramid.
- Cost for Staying 2-3 Days:
A mid-range hotel in Dresden will cost around €90 to €140 per night. Budget options like guesthouses or hostels can be found for €40-€70 per night. A hearty portion of Stollen at the market will cost around €4-6, while meals at local restaurants will average around €10-€18.
Extra Tip: Take a break from the market and visit the Zwinger Palace or Semper Opera House, both of which are beautifully illuminated during the holiday season.
3. Cologne (Köln): Spectacular Market by the Cathedral
Cologne is known for hosting one of the largest and most visited Christmas markets in Germany. Set against the backdrop of the stunning Cologne Cathedral (Kölner Dom), the market features over 150 stalls selling everything from local crafts to gourmet food. The towering cathedral, combined with the festive atmosphere of the market, creates a unique experience. Cologne also hosts several smaller Christmas markets, including a Harbor Christmas Market by the Rhine River and a Medieval Christmas Market.
- Christmas Highlight: The towering Christmas tree in front of the cathedral, along with diverse market themes around the city.
- Cost for Staying 2-3 Days:
Hotels near the cathedral range from €120 to €180 per night, while more affordable accommodations can be found for €80-€100 per night in nearby neighborhoods. Meals at the Christmas markets are reasonably priced, with Bratwurst and Glühwein costing about €4-6 each, and meals at local restaurants range from €12-€20.
Extra Tip: Make sure to visit the Chocolate Museum for some sweet holiday treats and insights into the world of chocolate.
4. Munich (München): Bavarian Christmas Charm at its Finest
Munich offers one of the most charming and authentic German Christmas experiences, with a variety of Christmas markets spread across the city. The main market in Marienplatz is set in the heart of the city and is surrounded by historic buildings, including the New Town Hall. Munich’s Christmas celebrations are deeply rooted in Bavarian culture, and visitors can enjoy local delicacies such as Schweinshaxe (pork knuckle) and Kaiserschmarrn (a shredded pancake dessert). The city also hosts the unique Krampus Run, where people dressed as Krampus (the Christmas demon) parade through the streets.
- Christmas Highlight: The Krampus Run, traditional Bavarian treats, and the enormous Christmas tree in Marienplatz.
- Cost for Staying 2-3 Days:
Hotels in the city center typically cost around €120 to €200 per night, while budget accommodations outside the city center may cost €80-€100 per night. Expect to spend €10-€15 for meals at the markets, and €15-€25 at restaurants. Don’t forget to try some Bavarian Glühwein for around €4 per cup.
Extra Tip: If you’re staying longer, take a day trip to Neuschwanstein Castle, which looks like a fairytale during the winter months.
5. Berlin: A Modern Christmas Wonderland
Germany’s capital city, Berlin, offers a mix of traditional and modern Christmas markets, making it one of the most diverse places to celebrate Christmas in Germany. Berlin’s Christmas markets range from the historic Gendarmenmarkt, known for its artisan crafts and gourmet food, to the trendy RAW-Gelände Christmas Market, where visitors can find handmade gifts, unique street food, and enjoy ice skating. The city’s multicultural atmosphere gives its Christmas markets a modern twist while still keeping the holiday spirit alive.
- Christmas Highlight: The variety of Christmas markets, from traditional to modern, and the vibrant multicultural festivities.
- Cost for Staying 2-3 Days:
Accommodation in Berlin is relatively affordable, with hotels in the city center costing around €80-€150 per night. Budget options like hostels or guesthouses can be found for €40-€60 per night. A typical meal at a Christmas market will cost around €7-€12, while dining at restaurants may range from €10-€18.
Extra Tip: Visit Berlin’s Brandenburg Gate and enjoy the city’s many winter activities, such as ice skating at Potsdamer Platz.
6. Stuttgart: A Picturesque Christmas Market
The Stuttgart Christmas Market is known for its beautifully decorated stalls, often considered the most attractive in all of Germany. With its baroque-style buildings and holiday lights, Stuttgart transforms into a magical Christmas village. Visitors can explore over 250 stalls offering artisanal goods, food, and drinks. The market also features an open-air ice rink and a mini Christmas village for children.
- Christmas Highlight: The beautifully decorated market stalls and the ice rink in the city center.
- Cost for Staying 2-3 Days:
Hotels in Stuttgart’s city center are priced between €90 and €150 per night, while budget accommodations can be found for €60-€80 per night. Market food is affordable, with Glühwein and Bratwurst priced around €4-€6, and meals at restaurants typically cost €12-€18.
Extra Tip: Don’t miss a visit to the nearby Ludwigsburg Christmas Market, known for its illuminated angel wings and Baroque charm.
7. Rothenburg ob der Tauber: A Medieval Christmas Fairytale
Rothenburg ob der Tauber is a medieval town that feels like it’s been lifted straight out of a Christmas fairytale. This small, picturesque town is one of the best places to experience a traditional German Christmas. Rothenburg’s Reiterlesmarkt is set against the town’s medieval architecture and is known for its cozy atmosphere. The town’s Christmas Museum is a must-visit for anyone interested in the history of Christmas decorations.
- Christmas Highlight: The medieval atmosphere and the world-famous Christmas Museum.
- Cost for Staying 2-3 Days:
Accommodation in Rothenburg is relatively affordable, with mid-range hotels costing around €80-€120 per night. You can find budget options for €60-€80 per night in smaller guesthouses. A traditional Schneeball (snowball) pastry will cost around €3-€4, and meals at the market or restaurants will be around €10-€15.
Extra Tip: Take a stroll along the Rothenburg town walls for a stunning view of the town’s medieval architecture, especially when it’s lit up with Christmas lights. Also, don’t miss trying a traditional Schneeball (snowball), a local pastry dusted with powdered sugar or chocolate, which is a must-eat treat while visiting Rothenburg during Christmas.
8. Hamburg: A Maritime Christmas Experience
While Hamburg is famous for its bustling port and maritime history, it also hosts some of the most unique Christmas markets in Germany. The main Christmas market in Rathausmarkt is set against the backdrop of the impressive Hamburg Town Hall, offering a wide array of local foods, handcrafted gifts, and festive performances. Hamburg also boasts the Harbor Christmas Market, where the city’s nautical charm meets traditional holiday cheer. For something a little different, check out the quirky Santa Pauli Market, which blends traditional Christmas vibes with a bit of nightlife flair in Hamburg’s famous St. Pauli district.
- Christmas Highlight: The mix of traditional and maritime Christmas markets, and the quirky Santa Pauli Market.
- Cost for Staying 2-3 Days:
Mid-range hotels near the city center typically cost €100-€150 per night, with more budget-friendly options available in other parts of the city for around €60-€90 per night. Meals at the Christmas markets, such as Bratwurst or seafood specialties, range from €5-€10, and dining at local restaurants will cost around €12-€20.
Extra Tip: Don’t forget to take a scenic boat tour of Hamburg’s canals, where you can see the city illuminated with Christmas lights from the water. The experience is both magical and relaxing during the festive season.
Planning Your Christmas Trip to Germany: Budget and Tips
When planning your visit to Christmas markets in Germany, it’s important to factor in your accommodation, transportation, food, and activities. While the Christmas markets themselves are free to enter, costs can add up with food, drinks, and holiday shopping. To help you plan, here are some tips for making the most of your German Christmas experience on any budget:
- Accommodation: Depending on the city, hotels in the heart of the Christmas markets tend to be more expensive. If you’re on a budget, look for hotels or guesthouses a little further from the city center, or book early to get the best deals.
- Transportation: Germany’s train system is efficient and affordable, making it easy to travel between cities. If you’re planning to visit multiple cities, consider purchasing a Eurail Pass or a German Rail Pass for unlimited travel within a set period.
- Food and Drinks: Stick to the Christmas market stalls for affordable and delicious food options. Most markets offer traditional meals like Bratwurst, Schweinshaxe, and sweet treats like Stollen and Lebkuchen at reasonable prices.
- Shopping: Christmas markets are perfect for picking up handcrafted gifts and souvenirs. You’ll find everything from wooden toys to handmade ornaments, candles, and local delicacies. Don’t forget to haggle if you’re purchasing multiple items!
